Shot-shell and shot-shell body paper



y v. E. ROSIEN SHOT SHELL AND SHOT SHELL BODY PAPER Filed March 14, 1932mg a K ATTORNEYS SHUT-SELL AND SHQT-SL'IL BODY PAPER Victor IE. Rosien,New Haven, Conn, assignor to Winchester Repeating Company applicationMai-en M, 1932, set-inns. 'sssyn' (Claims.

This invention relates to an improved shot shell, and to the paper bodyfrom which the improved shell is formed.

In discharging ordinary shot shells, the hot gases formed within theshell by the explosion of the powder penetrates the paper body, thusweakening it to such an extent that in the act of extracting thedischarged shell from the chamber of the gun barrel, the paper mayseparate transversely, which may cause a part of the paper body toremain in the chamber of the gun ing of the outer covering so that whenthe shell is removed from the chamber of the gun by extracting the brasshead, the paper body is removed substantially intact. The gas checkprovided by, this invention is ,fiexible and substantially impervioustothe hot gases and is cheap and readily incorporated in the shell.

The body of a,shot shell is ordinarily prepared from a sheet of bodypaper large enough to form several shells and this sheet after beingtreated with an adhesive is rolled over a mandrel of suitable size, isdried, passed through a sizing die, and then cut into lengths. Shotshells vary somewhat in diameter and length. The paper bodies are cutaccordingly. In forming the body, the paper is rolled on the mandrel sothat the body comprises several thicknesses of paper, usually four orfive.

I have found it advantageous to apply the gas .checking medium of thisinvent'on to the paper sheet from which'the shot shell body is to be Imade before the sheet is formed into a tube.

I do this by covering a portion of the sheet with an imperviousfilm of acellulosic material such produced when the cartridge is fired and thus 1rial. This forms an impervious barrier which checks the leakage of thegases of combustion protects the outer wall of the shell. This checkingof the gases prevents the usual weakening of the paper tube brass head.

The gas check may comprise a strip of a cellulose derivatve such as acellulose ester or other product formed from cellulose which is flexibleand impervious to gases. Various sheets of cellulose derivatives arecommercially obtainable which are suitable for this purpose. Such asheet may be made primarily from cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrateor other cellulose derivative and may have incorporated in it aplasticizer, etc. An impervious sheet of a coagulated, nonfibrous formof cellulose is suitable for this purpose. Any suitable adhesive may beused for fastening the coagulated, non-fibrous form of cellulose to thebody paper. Sheets of cellulose derivatives to which suitable adhesiveshave been applied are known in the art and are available for thispurpose.

Instead of forming the gas check of a separate sheet of cellulosederivative, the cellulose derivative may be applied directly to thesheet in liquid form by brushing it onto the paper, or spraying it, orotherwise appling it to the paper dissolved in any suitable solvent,preferably a quick drying solvent. Forced drying may be used. Variousliquid coverings which form a flexible impervious coating are known tothose skilled in the art such as collodion, or lacquers which comprise acellulose derivative such as a' cellulose ester, more particularly anacetate or nitrate, dissolved in a suitable solvent such as an'ester forexample, ethyl acetate or an alcohol such as butyl alcohol or a mixtureof these. Suitable solutions comprise plasticizers, gums, etc. insuitable proportions and on evaporation of the sol vent give a flexibleimpervious film. 1

In forming the paper body of the shot shell of this invention, the papersheet with the impervious barrier of the cellulose derivative propat theforward end of the 'erly applied so as to include at least one completecircumference when the shell is formed, is tightly rolled and cementedtogether. Ordinarily the tube thus formed is of sufiicient length toform a number of shells, for example, five or six. After cutting to theproper length, each shell tube is provided with a base wad and the brasshead is assembled over the end of thetube- The base wad is then forcedinto the head. The shell is then loaded and crimped.

The invention will be described more particularly in connection with theaccompanying drawing but it is intended and is to be understood that itis not limited to the specific illustration shown therein.

on the outer surface.

In the drawing Fig. 1 is a view, partly in section, of the assembledshot shell;

Fig. 2 shows a sheet of body paperwith the cellulose derivative appliedthereto;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the wall of the shell, showing the variouslaps of the paper body with the gas-check containedtherein.

In the drawing 1 is the brass head \of a shot shell and 2 is the paperbody. vThe crimp is shown at 3.

A sheet of body paper of suitable size for six shells is shown inextended form in Fig. 2. The cellulose derivative is indicated at 4. Informing the shell, the paper body is rolled from the edge 5 so that inthe rolled tube thus formed the edge 5 is within the tube and the edge 6is The strip of cellulose derivative is placed near the edge 5 so as tobe as near the explosion as possible but is spaced the distance of onelap from edge 5, to facilitate winding on the mandrel. A cellulose stripwider than one lap such asa strip two laps wide may be employed wheredesirable. Instead of affixing a stripv of cellulosic material to thepaper the cellulose derivative may be applied to the paper in liquidform.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the rolled tube as it occurs in thefinished shell. The lap of cellulose derivative is indicated bythereference numeral 4. This cellulose derivative completely encircles theshell, thus making a barrier impervious to the hot gases and thusforming a gas check which protects the outer layers of the shell andprevents them from becoming weakened by the action of the hot gases whenthe shell is discharged. This impervious barrier is also beneficial asit gives a harder crimp and retards moisture absorption.

I claim:

l. A shot shell which includes in its wall an impervious barrier of amaterial selected from the group comprising cellulose derivatives andcoagulated non-fibrous cellulose which serves as a gas check in the wallof the shell to prevent the hot gases from penetrating to the outercovering of the shell.

2. A shot shell which includes within the interior of its wall animpervious film of a material selected from the group comprisingcellulose derivatives and coagulated non-fibrous cellulose which servesas a gas check in the wall of the shell to prevent the hot gases frompenetrating to the outer covering of the shell, neither the outercovering nor the inner wall of the shell being covered with said 3. Ashot shell, the body of which includes at least one lap of an imperviousfilm of a coagulated or precipitated form of cellulose, the area of saidfilm-being substantially less than the area of the body paper from whichthe shell is made.

4. A sheet of shot-shell body paper only a portion of the area of whichis covered with a flexible impervious film or a material selected fromthe group comprising cellulose derivatives and coagulated non-fibrouscellulose, said film being equal to at least one circumference of thefinished shell.

5. A sheet of shot-shell body paper with a strip 105 of a coagulated orprecipitated form of cellulose fastened thereto said strip having awidth equal to at least one circumference of the finished shell andbeing spaced the distance of at least about no one circumference fromone edge of the .body paper.

ice

VICTOR E. ROSIEN.

